What is Canonical tag ?

Code used by search engine crawlers/spiders to tell search engines what URL is the original version of your webpage.
 
canonical tag used for telling search engines that your two page are not consider as duplicate.
For example, www.yourdomain.com and www.yourdomain.com/index.php are same page.
 
In SEO perspective, the canonical URL tag is similar to a 301 redirect. Simply as, you're telling the search engines that multiple pages should then be considered a-like or duplicate such for its content. Additionally, this canonical tag is inserted into the header of your HTML, and of course give link credit to the primary content.
 
A rel canonical tag is a special tag that is inserted into the header of your HTML that helps communicate to search engine bots the relationship of that piece of content to others on your site. Canonical tags tell the search engine bots which pieces of content are the original or primary ones and which are duplicates.
 
A canonical tag specifies the source URL (or original content page) of a given page to a search engine such as Google. Canonical tags are used to declare a single page as its own source or for duplicate pages to reference their source / originating page.
 
Another option for dealing with duplicate content is to utilize the rel=canonical tag. The rel=canonical tag passes the same amount of link juice (ranking power) as a 301 redirect, and often takes much less development time to implement.
 
To avoid the confusion of multiple url's targeting the same webpage canonical tags are used. It helps the google spider to decide which url is the actual url.
 
A canonical tag is a term which is used to differentiate between two pages on which the content is same.When search engine spiders/crawlers search your website and find two or more pages having the same content they send an information of duplicate content to search engine which makes a negative impact on your ranking.So to make sure that such pages are different webpages you have to make one page as source page of that particular content by using canonical tag.
This tag is added in rel part and you can make as many pages with such tags as you feel appropriate.
 
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